What equipment are needed for oilfield extraction

Simple process:

Oil production methods include self injection and mechanical oil production. Self injection is a kind of oil production method that can make crude oil gush out from the wellhead by virtue of its own pressure because of the high pressure of underground oil-bearing layer. Mechanical oil recovery is the use of various types of pumps to extract crude oil from the well. At present, mechanical oil recovery is the main oil production in China. Different mechanical mining methods are adopted for different oil properties in different geological conditions.

For crude oil with viscosity less than 50 MPa. S and density less than 0.934 (called thin oil), conventional production is generally used. For the crude oil with viscosity greater than 50 MPa. S and density greater than 0.934 (called heavy oil), thermal oil recovery is generally used, that is, hot steam huff and puff, mixed with thin oil and heat tracing.

Taking Liaohe Oilfield as an example, the cold climate is the characteristic of winter in North China. Except for a part of thin oil, most of the oil is heavy oil and extra heavy oil. Due to the heavy components, high viscosity and relative density of crude oil, the crude oil can hardly flow under reservoir conditions.

Extended data:

Offshore oil and gas development offshore oil and gas development is not very different from that on land, but the construction of oil production platform costs much more, so the evaluation of the scope of oil and gas fields should be more careful. Risk analysis shall be carried out to accurately select the platform location and construction scale. Avoid the loss caused by unclear understanding or wrong inference of underground reservoir.

Since the 1960s, looking forward to the development prospect of China's oilfield service industry and investment strategic planning, offshore oil development has made great progress. The oil production of offshore oil fields has reached about 20% of the world's total oil production. A complete set of special equipment and technology for offshore mining and gathering has been formed. The construction of the platform has been able to resist various disasters such as wind, wave, ice flow and earthquake. The water depth of oil and gas field exploitation has exceeded 200m.

At present, there are many areas in the world that have not been explored or fully explored. The exploration of oil and gas in deep strata and deep waters of the ocean has just begun, and more oil and gas reservoirs will be found. The amount of crude oil that can be produced by the application of EOR technology in developed oil and gas reservoirs is also quite large. All these indicate that the science and technology of oil and gas exploitation will have greater development.

1、 Simple process

Oil production methods include self injection and mechanical oil production. Self injection is a kind of oil production method that can make crude oil gush out from the wellhead by virtue of its own pressure because of the high pressure of underground oil-bearing layer. Mechanical oil recovery is the use of various types of pumps to extract crude oil from the well. At present, mechanical oil recovery is the main oil production in China. Different mechanical mining methods are adopted for different oil properties in different geological conditions. For crude oil with viscosity less than 50 MPa. S and density less than 0.934 (called thin oil), conventional production is generally used. For the crude oil with viscosity greater than 50 MPa. S and density greater than 0.934 (called heavy oil), thermal oil recovery is generally used, that is, hot steam huff and puff, mixed with thin oil and heat tracing. Taking Liaohe Oilfield as an example, the cold climate is the characteristic of winter in North China. Except for a part of thin oil, most of the oil quality is heavy oil and extra heavy oil. Due to the heavy components of crude oil, high viscosity and relative density, the crude oil can hardly flow under the reservoir conditions and cannot be exploited by conventional methods, which brings a series of problems to production and environment. Thermal recovery, dilution, emulsification and viscosity reduction are adopted in our oilfield.

Dilution production: a certain amount of thin oil with small viscosity is added to heavy oil to reduce viscosity.

Thermal oil recovery: namely steam huff and puff and steam drive, which is to inject high temperature and high pressure steam into the oil layer to heat the crude oil in the oil layer, so as to increase the crude oil, reduce the viscosity, increase the liquidity of the crude oil, and promote the flow of the crude oil in the oil layer to the production well. In addition, after the steam is injected to heat the oil layer, the steam becomes hot water and flows, replacing the stagnant space of crude oil in the oil layer. Crude oil is heated by injected steam, in which light components will be gasified and hydrocarbon volume expansion will push crude oil to production wells.

Emulsification and viscosity reduction: that is to say, the aqueous solution containing surfactant is mixed into heavy oil, and a hydrophilic wetted surface is formed on the surface of tubing and pumping tubing. The resistance of oil flow is greatly reduced, so that the oil can be extracted normally.

2、 Analysis of environmental factors in the process of oil exploitation in Tableland

Because oil exploitation is a process of obtaining resources from underground, geological conditions and underground conditions are the decisive factors in oil exploitation. Although oil production is the ultimate activity to obtain resources, various related processes such as drilling are involved. Underground geological conditions of various underground operations for oil exploitation. The ground has a direct connection to the impact. Therefore, when considering the environment, it should also be considered as the environmental factor of oil exploitation. At the same time, three states, three tenses and six aspects are considered.

1. Environmental factors (including normal and abnormal emergencies) in the process of oil exploitation and production.

2. The use of resources and energy will be involved in all aspects of the process. For the convenience of analysis, it is considered as the overall environmental factor.

3. Crude oil as the characteristic pollutant of oil exploitation is also involved in every process, so it is also considered as the overall environmental factor.

3、 Some descriptions of main production process

1. The petroleum exploitation enterprises shall understand the basic environmental factors and environmental impact in the construction and the national laws and regulations for the management requirements put forward by the relevant parties of drilling and various oil well operations in the oil production before the oil production. And in advance with full attention, take precautions in advance. Because oil exploitation involves surface environment and underground geological conditions,